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Difference between revisions of "Language"
Alpacalypse (talk | contribs) (→language_SYM.txt: New subsection: Thought the symbol disambiguation page might be relevant to people reading this section. (better at end of page?)) |
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==Observations== | ==Observations== |
Revision as of 22:15, 17 March 2023
There are six languages in Dwarf Fortress:
Vocabulary
There are 3,301 words (1,738 nouns, 698 verbs, 849 adjectives, and 16 prefixes).
They are sorted into 2,196 root words. For instance, the noun "age" and the verb "to age" are under the same root word AGE.
Nouns
Google spreadsheet of this noun table.
Adjectives
Verbs
Prefixes
English | Dwarven | Elvish | Goblin | Human |
---|---|---|---|---|
After- | Nicol- | Ifife- | Lûbu- | Agtha- |
Arch- | Gost- | Ÿaniye- | Sasne- | Icmon- |
Ecto- | Shuthraz- | Anama- | Reku- | Thren- |
Ever- | Im- | Ele- | Aslu- | Op- |
Many- | Shàmman- | Eda- | Ek- | Taca- |
Necro- | Ugith- | Athoma- | Got- | Nir- |
Neo- | Lärim- | Ami- | Solu- | Amo- |
Never- | Nanoth- | Eramu- | Ustab- | Usmo- |
One- | Nir- | Ime- | Obngot- | Ist- |
Over- | Ág- | Ani- | Ox- | In- |
Three- | Mez- | Sara- | Rugol- | Akku- |
Two- | Nob- | Teme- | Stazgud- | Lad- |
Ultra- | Ishëm- | Irani- | Altög- | Ishra- |
Un- | Nas- | Seno- | Rot- | Ob- |
Under- | Arôl- | Tari- | Sumspa- | Ngir- |
Were- | Senel- | Rivi- | Bem- | Hixur- |
Alphabet comparison
Alphabet | A | À | Á | Â | Ä | Å | B | C | Ç | D | E | È | É | Ê | Ë | F | G | H | I | Ì | Í | Î | Ï | J | K | L | M | N | Ñ | O | Ò | Ó | Ô | Ö | P | Q | R | S | T | U | Ù | Ú | Û | V | W | X | Y | Ÿ | Z | # |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dwarven | A | À | Á | Â | Ä | Å | B | C | D | E | È | É | Ê | Ë | F | G | H | I | Ì | Í | Î | Ï | K | L | M | N | O | Ò | Ó | Ô | Ö | R | S | T | U | Ù | Ú | Û | V | Z | 40 | |||||||||
Elvish | A | B | C | Ç | D | E | È | É | F | G | H | I | Ì | Í | K | L | M | N | O | Ò | Ó | P | Q | R | S | T | U | Ù | Ú | V | W | Y | Ÿ | Z | 34 | |||||||||||||||
Goblin | A | Â | Ä | Å | B | D | E | Ê | Ë | G | H | K | L | M | N | O | Ô | Ö | P | R | S | T | U | Û | X | Z | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Human | A | Á | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ñ | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Z | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Kobold | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | U | Y | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
# | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
Vocabulary comparison
See Language - Vocabulary comparison
Observations
Vocabulary
There are words for "pearl" (kovest) and "pumpkin" (fongbez) both of which do not even exist in-universe.
There are names for every color except "orange". They have a word for "amber", "amethyst", "aqua", "aquamarine", "auburn", "azure", "beige", "black", "blue", "brown", "cerulean", "charcoal", "chestnut", "chocolate", "cinnamon", "crimson", "ecru", "emerald", "fuchsia", "golden", "goldenrod", "gray", "green", "heliotrope", "indigo", "ivory", "jade", "lavender", "mahogany", "maroon", "mauve", "mint", "ochre", "olive", "pale", "pink", "puce", "purple", "red", "rosy", "saffron", "scarlet", "silvery", "tan", "teal", "turquoise", "umber", "vermilion", "violet", "white", and "yellow" but not "orange". (Actually, there are noun forms for "lime", "orange", "lilac", "moss", "periwinkle", and "plum", but no matching adjective form.)
There are no words for "dwarf", "human", "elf", or "goblin" in any of the languages. (In Simon Swerwer’s “Highway to the Danger Room”, goblin translates to omer-ar which means “green flesh”.)
Morphology
The four predefined languages (Dwarven, Elvish, Human, and Goblin) have no real morphology. So, for example, the adjective "oaken" and the noun "oak" are the same word. For another example, the verb "to dream", the adjective "dreamy", and the noun "dream" are all the same word.
Word length and letter frequency
There are 36 words in the Dwarven language with only two characters.
Input
Because Dwarf Fortress does not properly translate normal Unicode input into CP437, the game's native character set, attempting to enter many of the letters used in the various languages, like á or ô will produce a totally different symbol instead — the symbol whose CP437 code (the bold-italic numbers in the character table) corresponds to the Unicode number of the letter entered (the unstyled numbers just above the CP437 codes, but note that these are in hexadecimal). Perusing the table will show that this in fact only lines up correctly for the NUL character (useless) and the "normal" letter/punctuation range from the space (0x20) to ~ (0x7E). Anything else will produce either the corresponding character, if there is one, or unknown results possibly dependent on the host operating system. To insert a particular character outside the "matching" range, such as Ñ, you must find its CP437 code – 0xA5 for Ñ – and insert the character with that code in Unicode - in this case, ¥. DF will conveniently misinterpret your input as the intended character. Note, however, that many character codes in the CP437 set do not correspond to printing characters in unicode – 0x7F-0x9F, for example, which covers many of the accented vowels; these won't appear on keyboards, but any kind of direct unicode input will probably still work.
Raws
language_words.txt
In this file, all words that the game uses are listed, defined by part of speech, and then the exact form for the part of speech given (including plurals for nouns).
These words are used for naming, etc.
language_SYM.txt
[SYMBOL]: This defines a category of words, which works with the [SELECT_SYMBOL] and [CULL_SYMBOL] arguments in the corresponding entity file, using these "flavor" tokens to create a list of words which your civilization will prefer to use, and those it will never use. For instance, dwarves by default have [SELECT_SYMBOL:ALL:ARTIFICE] and [CULL_SYMBOL:ALL:FLOWERY]. This means that dwarven surnames, placenames and group names will tend to use words in the [SYMBOL:ARTIFICE] list (such as cloister, hammer and steel) and will never use words from the [SYMBOL:FLOWERY] list (such as butterfly, meadow and velvet). Under each [SYMBOL] heading, all possible words are listed in the form [S_WORD:word].
The SYMBOL groups are found in language_SYM.txt. Note that the raws linked to below only show their specific group, not the full text file raw.
- [SYMBOL:ARTIFICE]
- [SYMBOL:ASSERTIVE]
- [SYMBOL:AQUATIC]
- [SYMBOL:BALANCE]
- [SYMBOL:BOUNDARY]
- [SYMBOL:COLOR]
- [SYMBOL:DANCE]
- [SYMBOL:DARKNESS]
- [SYMBOL:DEATH]
- [SYMBOL:DOMESTIC]
- [SYMBOL:EARTH]
- [SYMBOL:EVIL]
- [SYMBOL:FAMILY]
- [SYMBOL:FESTIVAL]
- [SYMBOL:FLOWERY]
- [SYMBOL:FIRE]
- [SYMBOL:FOOD]
- [SYMBOL:FREEDOM]
- [SYMBOL:GAMES]
- [SYMBOL:GOOD]
- [SYMBOL:HOLY]
- [SYMBOL:LEADER]
- [SYMBOL:LIGHT]
- [SYMBOL:LUCK]
- [SYMBOL:MAGIC]
- [SYMBOL:MUSIC]
- [SYMBOL:MYSTERY]
- [SYMBOL:MYTHIC]
- [SYMBOL:NATURE]
- [SYMBOL:NEGATIVE]
- [SYMBOL:NEGATOR]
- [SYMBOL:NEW]
- [SYMBOL:OLD]
- [SYMBOL:ORDER]
- [SYMBOL:PEACE]
- [SYMBOL:PRIMITIVE]
- [SYMBOL:PROTECT]
- [SYMBOL:RESTRAIN]
- [SYMBOL:ROMANTIC]
- [SYMBOL:SILENCE]
- [SYMBOL:SKY]
- [SYMBOL:SUBORDINATE]
- [SYMBOL:THOUGHT]
- [SYMBOL:TRADE]
- [SYMBOL:TRAVEL]
- [SYMBOL:TRUTH]
- [SYMBOL:UGLY]
- [SYMBOL:VIOLENT]
- [SYMBOL:WEALTH]
- [SYMBOL:WILD]
In addition, there are a few special categories used only for naming civilizations, regions and sites on the world map:
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BATTLE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BRIDGE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BUILDING_HOSPITAL]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BUILDING_KEEP]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BUILDING_LIBRARY]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BUILDING_TEMPLE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_BUILDING_TOMB]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_CAVE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_COMMON_RELIGION]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_CONTINENT]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_DESERT]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ENTITY_KINGDOM]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ENTITY_MERCHANT_COMPANY]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ENTITY_TOWN_FOUNDER]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_FESTIVAL]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_FOREST]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_GLACIER]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_GRASSLAND]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_HILLS]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ISLAND]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ISLAND_SMALL]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_LAKE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_MOUNTAINS]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_OCEAN]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_PEAK]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_SIEGE]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_SWAMP]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_REGION]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_ROAD]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_TUNDRA]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_TUNNEL]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_VOLCANO]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_WALL]
- [SYMBOL:NAME_WAR]
Note: These are pulled directly from the language_SYM.txt file, and there is a possibility that some of the NAME_ tokens may not work in all cases, especially when dealing with Dwarves only.
See also
- Symbol disambiguation
Grammar
A study on Dwarven language and grammar has been done on the Bay 12 Forums, at http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=173289
Although it is not used in the game (Dwarven words are only used in names and in the soundtrack Ilun Kinem in the Steam release), it is the most coherent and constructed grammar made so far.
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